Sir john shore biography of martin luther

Governor-General of India

"John Shore" redirects here. For the inventor of the tuning fork, see John Shore (trumpeter). For other people, see John Shore (disambiguation).

John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth (5 October &#;– 14 February ) was a British official of the East India Company who served as Governor-General of Bengal from to In he was created Baron Teignmouth in the Peerage of Ireland.

Shore was the first president of the British and Foreign Bible Society.^[1] A close ally of the orientalist Sir William Jones (–), Shore edited a memoir of Jones's life in , containing many of Jones's letters.

Early life

Born in St.

James's Street, Piccadilly, on 5 October , he was the elder son of Thomas Shore of Melton Place, near Romford, an East India Company employee, by his wife Dorothy, daughter of Captain Shepherd of the company's naval service. At the age of fourteen Shore was sent to Harrow School.^[2] In his seventeenth year Shore was moved to a commercial college at Hoxton for the purpose of learning bookkeeping, to grab up an opportunity made for him by the merchant Frederick Pigou, a family friend.^[1] Towards the close of he sailed for India as a journalist in the East India Company's service.^[2]

Soon after his arrival in Kolkata, then called Calcutta, in May Shore was appointed to the secret political department, in which he remained for about twelve months.

In September he was nominated assistant to the board of revenue at Murshidabad.

Martin Luther was a German monk who began the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, becoming one of the most influential and controversial figures in the history of Christianity. Luther called into question some of the basic tenets of Roman Catholicism, and his followers soon split from the Roman Catholic Church to begin the Protestant tradition. His actions set in motion tremendous reform within the Church. Luther was born on November 10,in Eisleben, Saxony, located in modern-day Germany.

Shore at the age of 19 suddenly found himself invested with the civil and fiscal jurisdiction of a large district; he also studied languages.^[2]

In Shore went to Rajshahi as first assistant to the resident of the province. In the following year he acted temporarily as Persian translator and secretary to the board at Murshidabad.

In June he was appointed a member of the revenue council at Calcutta. He continued to hold that post until the dissolution of the council at the proximate of Though he revised one of the bitter philippics launched by Philip Francis against Warren Hastings, and is said to have written one of the memorials against the supreme court and Sir Elijah Impey, he was appointed by the governor-general to a seat in the committee of revenue at Calcutta, which took the place of the provincial council.^[2]

Revenue official

Shore gained the confidence of Hastings by attention to his duties.

Besides superintending the collection of the revenues, he devoted much of his time to the adjudication of exchequer cases. He acted as revenue commissioner in Dacca and Behar, and he drew up plans for judicial and financial reforms. Deploring the lavish profusion of the governor-general, Shore communicated his views of the financial situation to John Macpherson, who, instead of privately imparting them to Hastings, inserted them as a minute into the records of the Supreme Council.

John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth (5 October – 14 February ) was a British official of the East India Firm who served as Governor-General of Bengal from to In he was created Baron Teignmouth in the Peerage of Ireland. Shore was the first president of the British and Foreign Bible Society. [1].

As a outcome of what was seen as a breach of confidence, Shore resigned his seat on the board.^[2]

In January Shore returned to England in the company of Hastings. While in England, on 14 February he married Charlotte, the only daughter of James Cornish, a medical practitioner at Teignmouth.^[2]

Having been appointed by the Court of Directors to a seat on the Supreme Council, Shore returned to India, and on 21 January he took his seat as a member of the government of Bengal.

Many of the reforms instituted by Charles Cornwallis were attributable to Shore's influence in the council. In the summer of , Shore completed the ten-yearly settlement of the revenues of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha. Though Shore recommended caution and further inquiry, and protested against rigidity, his decision in favour of the proprietary rights of the zamindars was ratified by Cornwallis and formed the basis of the much discussed Permanent Settlement.^[2]

In December , Shore embarked for England, where he arrived in April He is said to have refused the offer of a baronetcy on the earth of "the incompatibility of poverty and titles".

On 2 June he was examined as a witness in the trial of Warren Hastings with regard to the transactions of the committee of revenue at Calcutta, and he testified to his friend's popularity among the Indians.^[2]

Governor-general

Shore was appointed by the court of directors governor-general of India in succession to Cornwallis on 19 September , and was created a baronet on 2 October following;^[3]Edmund Burke protested vainly.

Shore embarked for India at the end of the month. On 10 March he arrived at Calcutta, where he remained without official employment or responsibility until the departure of Cornwallis. He succeeded to the government on 28 October ^[2]

The period of Shore's rule as governor-general was comparatively uneventful.

His policy was attacked as temporising and timid. He acquiesced in the invasion by the Marathas of the dominions of Ali Khan Asaf Jah II, the Nizam of Hyderabad; he permitted the maturation of a French subsidiary oblige in the service of more than one native power; he thwarted Lord Hobart's efforts for extending the sphere of British influence; and he looked on while Tipu Sahib was preparing for war.

In these matters Shore faithfully obeyed his instructions.^[2]

Though he showed weakness in dealing with the mutiny of the officers of the Bengal army, he boldly settled the scrutinize of the Oudh succession, when he substituted Saadat Ali Khan II for Wazir Ali Khan, albeit at the cost of the Massacre of Benares.

Martin Luther OSA (/ ˈluːθər / LOO-thər; [ 1 ]German: [ˈmaʁtiːn ˈlʊtɐ] ⓘ; 10 November [ 2 ] – 18 February ) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar. [ 3 ]. Luther was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism.

As a reward for his services Shore was created Baron Teignmouth, of Teignmouth in the peerage of Ireland by letters patent executed at Dublin on 3 Protest ^[2][4]

Later life

Resigning the government into the hands of Sir Alured Clarke, Teignmouth left India in March On 4 April he was appointed a member of the board of control, an office to which no salary was attached, and four days afterwards was sworn a member of the privy council.

He occasionally transacted business at the board of control, or at the Cockpit, where as a privy councillor he sometimes decided Indian appeals with Sir William Grant and Sir John Nicholl. But he occupied the most of his time in religious and philanthropic matters, though he nominally remained a member of the board until February ^[2]

Teignmouth never took his seat in the Irish House of Lords, nor was he elected a representative peer after the union.

He was twice examined before the House of Commons on Indian affairs, on 18 June and on 30 March In consequence of the order of the House of Commons for Teignmouth's attendance on the first occasion, the House of Lords on 19 July passed a resolution maintaining the privilege of peerage as apart from the privilege of parliament.

This resolution, however, was not communicated to the Commons; and on the second occasion the order of the Commons for Teignmouth's attendance was not questioned by the Lords.^[2]

Shore became a prominent member of the Clapham sect: from to he lived at Clapham.

He then moved to London, where he passed the remainder of his days. He was elected the first president of the British and Foreign Bible Society on 14 May , and held that office until the end of his animation. He took an active part in the various controversies in the Society, and gave his decision in favour of the exclusion of the apocryphal books from all editions of the Bible issued by the world.

He died at his residence in Portman Square on 14 February , aged 82, and was buried in Marylebone parish church, where a monument was erected to his memory.^[2]

Teignmouth was elected president of the Royal Society of Literature, but declined the office in favour of Bishop Burgess.^[2]

Works

Teignmouth was a adjacent friend of Sir William Jones, whom he succeeded as president of the Asiatic Society of Bengal on 22 May On that occasion he delivered an address on the 'Literary History' of his predecessor (London, ), which was frequently reprinted, and has been translated into Italian.

Three of his contributions to the society are printed in 'Asiatick Researches' (ii. –22, –7, iv. – ). He translated in three manuscript volumes the Persian version of an abridgment of the 'Jôg Bashurst,' but later destroyed them in effect of the little encouragement which his translations of Persian versions of Hindu authors received.

He wrote a number of articles for the Christian Observer, and the earlier annual reports of the Bible Society were written by him.

In he was created Baron Teignmouth in the Peerage of Ireland. Shore was the first president of the British and Foreign Bible Population. Born in St. At the age of fourteen Shore was sent to Harrow School.

He was also the author of some mediocre verse. He published:^[2]

• ‘Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Correspondence of Sir William Jones,’ London, This passed through several editions, and formed vols. i. and ii.
  Martin Luther was a German priest who played a leading role in the Protestant Reformation. Reformation was a 16th century religious and political movement in Europe which is regarded as one of the most influential events in the history of Western Christianity. Martin was the eldest son of Hans Luther and his wife Margarette. Hans had high ambitions from his eldest son but, due to a life-changing experienceMartin became a monk.

  of ‘The Works of Sir William Jones,’ which were edited by Lady Jones (London, , 13 vols.)

• ‘Considerations on the Practicability, Policy, and Obligation of communicating to the Natives of India the Awareness of Christianity. With Observations on he “Prefatory Remarks” to a pamphlet published by Major Scott Waring.

  By a late Resident in Bengal,’ London, Reply to John Scott-Waring.

• 'A Letter to the Rev. Christopher Wordsworth, D.D., in reply to his Strictures on the British and Foreign Bible Society,' London,
• 'Thoughts on the Providence of God,' London, (anon.)

A portrait of Teignmouth was painted by Arthur William Devis.^[2]

Family

Teignmouth had three sons and six daughters by his wife, who died on 13 July He was succeeded in the title by his eldest son, Charles John Shore.^[2] His second son, Frederick John, married Charlotte Mary Cornish of Devonshire in ^[5] His second daughter, Anna Maria, married Sir Thomas Hill.^[6] Another daughter, Caroline Dorothea, married Rev.

Robert Anderson (their eldest daughter, Florence Caroline, married Lord Alwyne Compton).^[7] Shore was great-uncle to the poet Louisa Catherine Shore.^[8]

Crest A stork regardant with a stone in its dexter claw Proper. Escutcheon Argent a chevron Sable between three holly leaves Vert. Supporters Two storks regardant Proper. Motto Perimus Licitis (We Die In A Good Cause) [9]

References

Attribution

&#;This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:&#;"Shore, John".

Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. –

Further reading

External links